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ACCC v Berbatis https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615455485204-X1OAYU0511Y9WCBKKQT3/unsplash-image-W2XNovLaBAg.jpg Australian Contract Law cases database - ACCC v Berbatis https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/accc-v-telstra monthly 0.5 2026-06-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - ACCC v Telstra https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/accc-v-quantum-housing monthly 0.5 2026-06-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - ACCC v Quantum Housing https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/pipikos-v-trayans monthly 0.5 2026-06-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Pipikos v Trayans https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1616039333267-MCPIRU3W6UUW10QJS8VR/unsplash-image-K5sjajgbTFw.jpg Australian Contract Law cases database - Pipikos v Trayans https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/thorne-v-kennedy monthly 0.5 2026-06-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Thorne v Kennedy https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615505095279-SGCQBXKYJ4QI6QC8VH7X/mayor-917147_1280.jpg Australian Contract Law cases database - Thorne v Kennedy https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/evans-v-secretary monthly 0.5 2026-06-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Evans v Secretary Dept FaHCSIA https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/andrews-v-anz monthly 0.5 2026-06-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Andrews v ANZ Group Ltd https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/miller-v-bmw monthly 0.5 2026-06-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Miller v BMW https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/ermogenous-v-greek-orthodox-community monthly 0.5 2026-06-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Ermogenous https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615859169510-1FFTA9O8AREET0O6I1F9/unsplash-image-dszeCx7X6zg.jpg Australian Contract Law cases database - Ermogenous https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/butcher-v-lachlan-elder monthly 0.5 2026-06-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Butcher v Lachlan Elder Realty https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615799970106-FYM2DJMFM8ULLVXPVNNH/pool-690034_1280.jpg Australian Contract Law cases database - Butcher v Lachlan Elder Realty https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/brambles-v-bathhurst monthly 0.5 2026-06-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Brambles Holdings v Bathhurst City Council https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615510406461-KDBJ8ZJAGD13E3QH6R9N/flag-nsw.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Brambles Holdings v Bathhurst City Council https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615510737471-HRHX4TL2OBX12FB4FMUS/mulltonnen-3979757_1280.jpg Australian Contract Law cases database - Brambles Holdings v Bathhurst City Council https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615510778206-EGSD0GNMMYN74PG3O697/Brambles+timeline.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Brambles Holdings v Bathhurst City Council https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/effem-v-lake-cumbeline monthly 0.5 2026-06-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Effem v Lake Cumbeline https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1616018481670-3IKLGH6R4A2BF2H554NZ/fish-984299_1280.jpg Australian Contract Law cases database - Effem v Lake Cumbeline https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/astley-v-austrust monthly 0.5 2026-06-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Astley v Austrust Ltd https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/mobil-oil-wellcome monthly 0.5 2026-06-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Mobil Oil v Wellcome https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1614830244892-SQS2PQO2X9R8XKQXG0U2/filling-station-1839760_640.jpg Australian Contract Law cases database - Mobil Oil v Wellcome https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/garcia-v-nab monthly 0.5 2026-06-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Garcia v NAB https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615500347723-ZXFK24CJPIOWG1KNP1KK/money-6010252_1280.jpg Australian Contract Law cases database - Garcia v NAB https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/fitzgerald-v-fj-leonhardt monthly 0.5 2026-06-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Fitzgerald v FJ Leonhardt Pty Ltd https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615499519799-90FYRBARETUP997BLGVT/auger-804349_1280.jpg Australian Contract Law cases database - Fitzgerald v FJ Leonhardt Pty Ltd https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/musumeci-v-winadell monthly 0.5 2026-06-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Musumeci v Winadell Pty Ltd https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615454855878-2NRZGS0S56F6FPG982WW/market-3351156_640.jpg Australian Contract Law cases database - Musumeci v Winadell Pty Ltd https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/louth-v-diprose monthly 0.5 2026-06-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Louth v Diprose https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615504510131-W3XBEPA2CA44VMG3MZVL/i-love-you-673301_640.jpg Australian Contract Law cases database - Louth v Diprose https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/demagogue-v-ramensky monthly 0.5 2026-06-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Demagogue v Ramensky https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615961504633-HUIGPQDVWS6JL929UK77/road-220058_1280.jpg Australian Contract Law cases database - Demagogue v Ramensky https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/david-securities-v-cba monthly 0.5 2026-06-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - David Securities v CBA https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/cth-v-amann monthly 0.5 2026-06-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Commonwealth v Amann Pty Ltd https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615954764548-IN5YJATEP44ZKO6K5YFK/helicopter-2116170_640.jpg Australian Contract Law cases database - Commonwealth v Amann Pty Ltd https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/coal-cliffs-collieries monthly 0.5 2026-06-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Coal Cliffs Collieries https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615799226887-AVGJF6VUHVA1Y9EY54B9/new-south-wales-28582_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Coal Cliffs Collieries https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615943156055-5UFBAXIMOQQDXR17NCIB/coal-car-2017341_640.jpg Australian Contract Law cases database - Coal Cliffs Collieries https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/williams-v-roffey-bros monthly 0.5 2026-06-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615543727818-HSM287Y33A3KXDWFOX99/IMG_2039.jpeg Australian Contract Law cases database - Williams v Roffey Bros https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615539448277-2KVLHOBSE59Y8I17LXJY/worker-694267_640.jpg Australian Contract Law cases database - Williams v Roffey Bros https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/concrete-constructions-v-nelson monthly 0.5 2026-06-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Concrete Constructions v Nelson https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/blackbool-and-flyde-aero-club monthly 0.5 2026-06-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615782207411-B0PZOOHZ5EZ6Y0WWSDFG/union-jack-1027898_640.jpg Australian Contract Law cases database - Blackpool & Flyde Aero Club https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615782176769-8IAPV5IZXJNRO2HK5W61/aircraft-547105_640.jpg Australian Contract Law cases database - Blackpool & Flyde Aero Club https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/banque-brussels monthly 0.5 2026-06-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Banque Brussels https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615529918421-312MJBKTWHTAFDMGP83D/flag-nsw.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Banque Brussels https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615968251307-Q95N50MIVIDCJBEQY0HT/unsplash-image-yOviAvBglgU.jpg Australian Contract Law cases database - Banque Brussels https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/anz-v-frost monthly 0.5 2026-06-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - ANZ v Frost Holdings Pty Ltd https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615540099100-99L6N47MOX02IL239UR2/flag-victoria.png Australian Contract Law cases database - ANZ v Frost Holdings Pty Ltd https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/air-great-lakes-v-ks-easter monthly 0.5 2026-06-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Air Great Lakes v KS Easter (Holdings) https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/walton-stores-v-maher monthly 0.5 2026-06-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Waltons Stores v Maher https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1620699578833-UNTSGEN391N18AQFLNVH/WaltonsStores+updated.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Waltons Stores v Maher - Make it stand out Summary of finding The majority held that, although formal contracts had not been exchanged, Maher was entitled to assume the exchange was a mere formality. Maher could rely on promissory estoppel which extends to representations or promises as to future conduct. In Australia promissory estoppel can be used both as a 'sword and a shield'. It will apply to provide a promisee with a cause of action where: Promisor makes a promise Promisor creates or encourages an assumption that a contract will come into existence or a promise will be performed Promisee relies on this to his/her detriment; and (arguably) it is unconscionable, having regard to the promisor's conduct, for the promisor to ignore the promise. In these circumstances equity intervenes because it would be unconscionable conduct on Waltons’ part to ignore the assumption. In this case, while the mere exercise of legal right not to exchange contracts was not unconscionable, there were two additional elements which made Waltons' conduct unconscionable: (a) the element of urgency; and (b) M executed and forwarded on 11/11 and assumed that execution by W was formality In those circumstances Waltons was under obligation to communicate with Maher within reasonable time and certainty when it heard of demolition. It did not and its inaction in the circumstances constituted clear encouragement or inducement for Maher to continue. As a result, Waltons was estopped from retreating from its implied promise to complete. Catchwords Estoppel - Common law - Equity - Negotiations for lease - Exchange of parts requisite to concluded agreement - Terms agreed but parts not exchanged - Conduct of proposed tenant leading owner to believe exchange would occur - Act by owner to detriment in that belief - Whether proposed tenant estopped from denying lease - No signed note or memorandum of lease - Relevance -Conveyancing Act 1919(N.S.W.), s 54A(1). Facts W negotiated for some months with M for the grant of a lease over property owned by M. It was understood that M would demolish an existing building and erect a new one for W to occupy. W required the plans etc be prepared to suit its needs. Agreement was reached on terms and rent. Solicitor for W sent draft lease to solicitors for M on 21 October and some changes were discussed and accepted by W. A revised lease with amendments was sent by M to W. In November M informed W that demolition work had commenced so that it was important to conclude the lease quickly before Christmas shutdown. Later in November W started to have some reservations and (having been informed it was not bound by the agreement) instructed solicitors to ‘go slow’. In early January M commenced building, but later in the month W informed M it did not wish to proceed; building work was 40% complete. M sought to enforce the agreement. Trial judge Held in favour of Maher Court of Appeal Held in favour of Maher High Court Chief Justice Mason and Justice Wilson M did not believe that contracts had been exchanged when they embarked on demolition. However, they were entitled to assume the exchange was a mere formality. Promissory estoppel extends to representations or promises as to future conduct. There is no reason in principle why it cannot apply to preclude departure from representation that representor will or will not enforce a non contractual right. For a non-contractual promise to be enforceable directly: (a) Promisor must make promise (b) Promisor must create or encourage an assumption that contract will come into existence/ promise will be performed (c) Promisee must rely on this to detriment (d) must be unconscionable, having regard to the promisor’s conduct, for the promisor to be free to ignore it. Equity grants relief because it would be unconscionable conduct on the promisor’s part to ignore the assumption. As a consequence, promissory estoppel in Australia may be used as both a ‘sword and a shield’: "Promissory estoppel, it has been said, is a defensive equity and the traditional notion has been that estoppel could only be relied upon defensively as a shield and not as a sword High Trees ([1947] K.B. 130) itself was an instance of the defensive use of promissory estoppel. But this does not mean that a plaintiff cannot rely on an estoppel. …. But the respondents ask us to drive promissory estoppel one step further by enforcing directly in the absence of a pre-existing relationship of any kind a non-contractual promise on which the representee has relied to his detriment. … The principal objection to the enforcement of such a promise is that it would outflank the principles of the law of contract. … the doctrine [of promissory estoppel] extends to the enforcement of voluntary promises on the footing that a departure from the basic assumptions underlying the transaction between the parties must be unconscionable. As failure to fulfil a promise does not of itself amount to unconscionable conduct, mere reliance on an executory promise to do something, resulting in the promise changing his position or suffering detriment, does not bring promissory estoppel into play. Something more would be required. … this may be found, if at all, in the creation or encouragement by the party estopped in the other party of an assumption that a contract will come into existence or a promise will be performed and that the other party relied on that assumption to his detriment to the knowledge of the first party. … [In this case] the crucial question remains: was the appellant entitled to stand by in silence when it must have known that the respondents were proceeding on the assumption that they had an agreement … " The answer was no – their Honours considered the ‘element of urgency’ surrounding the negotiation and the belief of the respondents that completion was a mere formality, in circumstances where W knew that M was performing costly work. In those circumstances, W ‘was under an obligation’ to communicate with M within a reasonable time after receiving the executed lease – at least to warn M that it may not proceed. Inaction of W, in the circumstances, ‘constituted clear encouragement or inducement to the respondents to continue to act on the basis of the assumption which they had made’ and that was unconscionable. The appellant was ‘estopped’ from reneging on its implicit promise to complete the contract. Here the mere exercise of legal right not to exchange contracts not unconscionable - but there were two additional elements: (a) element of urgency and (b) M executed and forwarded on 11/11 and assumed that execution by W was formality W was under obligation in the circumstances to communicate within reasonable time and certainty when it heard of demolition. Had to choose whether to warn or proceed. Inaction constituted, in the circumstances, clear encouragement or inducement to M to continue to Act on basis of assumption made. Was unconscionable conduct to adapt course they did Estopped from retreating from implied promise to complete. Justice Brennan Equitable estoppel arises where: (a) P assumed a particular legal relationship existed between the parties (or expected that it would); (b) D has induced that assumption in P; (c) P acts (or abstains from acting) in reliance on the assumption; (d) D knew or intended him to so act; (e) P’s action/inaction will case him/her detriment if the assumption is not fulfilled (f) D has failed to act to avoid that detriment (eg, by fulfilling expectation) His Honour also held that the remedy for promissory estoppel should go no further than what is necessary to prevent the unconscionable conduct – in this respect, the object of the equity is not to compel D to fulfil the expectation/ assumption, but to avoid the detriment that P will suffer if the expectation is not fulfilled. Justice Deane Dismissed the appeal, finding that there was estoppel by representation (common law estoppel) - specifically, that Maher had acted on the assumption that the contract had been signed and Walton Stores was estopped from denying that it had signed the document. Justice Gaudron Dismissed the appeal - finding, as had Deane J, that there was estoppel by representation. https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/empirnall-holdings-v-machon-paull monthly 0.5 2026-06-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Empirnall Holdings v Machon Paull https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615509626421-CJT4XN6JAVRNYG5T27T5/flag-nsw.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Empirnall Holdings v Machon Paull https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615509459667-SECBBAYSKEOU80AUTQM0/Empirnall+Holdings.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Empirnall Holdings v Machon Paull https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/crescendo-management-v-westpac monthly 0.5 2026-06-12 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Cameron https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/gibbons-v-wright monthly 0.5 2026-06-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Gibbons v Wright https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1616058341461-HK89EDGID0YOCOP5YCWH/silhouettes-812107_640.jpg Australian Contract Law cases database - Gibbons v Wright https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/database/awm-v-cth monthly 0.5 2026-06-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Australian Contract Law cases database - Australian Woollen Mills v The Cth https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615507492952-Z0O4Y7P5HQUHIFBECDC8/sheep-1822137_1280.jpg Australian Contract Law cases database - Australian Woollen Mills v The Cth 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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png ACCC v Berbatis https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571613803924-SI7QKB8ZHYBT1YYZ8FY0/image-asset.jpeg ACCC v Berbatis https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/legislation/vic/instruments/126 daily 0.75 2019-10-20 https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/legislation/corporations daily 0.75 2019-10-20 https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/law/liquidated-damages daily 0.75 2019-10-20 https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/legislation/acl/s19 daily 0.75 2019-10-20 https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/legislation/tpa daily 0.75 2019-10-20 https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/law/breach daily 0.75 2019-10-20 https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/legislation/acl/s20 daily 0.75 2019-10-20 https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/law/consumer-guarantees daily 0.75 2019-10-20 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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png AGC v McWhirter https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571637358775-XZPMQ9F7ECJ0O0SUEZSC/flag-nsw.png AGC v McWhirter https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571637427606-X9CLKREPZ5D5698YDXIK/house-3664320_640.jpg AGC v McWhirter https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/law/performance-of-contracts daily 0.75 2019-10-20 https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/law/debt daily 0.75 2019-10-20 https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/png-v-leahy daily 0.75 2019-10-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571036116128-6WT82VMU2HTUXH7SYONY/australia-28586_640.png Admin of PNG v Leahy https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571637794399-NAWMVKUAG4R3C94AMW67/image-asset.jpeg Admin of PNG v Leahy 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https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/law/damages daily 0.75 2019-10-20 https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/law/unfair-terms daily 0.75 2019-10-20 https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/jnc/research daily 0.75 2026-02-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571962335624-KAAJFJ20YMT3HLFPIVYV/book.jpg Julie Clarke Research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571962495635-5AB5EPMCH7SEU2I9S0ZT/2016contract-big.jpg Julie Clarke Research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571962592085-QF9E1JJ9FXXMDDXCPAZG/competition2011clarke.gif Julie Clarke Research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571974321530-6HQICNA9JGMKXUT2TN5H/2018baxt.jpg Julie Clarke Research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571974362292-GGKJ8HFNG5MFDSSIWZ3F/2018jenny.png Julie Clarke Research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571974288844-4SWM4UXMYYRRG854GSGA/2017lidc.jpg Julie Clarke Research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571974243938-GZSY2KF38T8JW79YSS5G/2016lidc.jpg Julie Clarke Research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571974509702-ZU1BXOB00H6CL01V68J4/2015comparative.jpg Julie Clarke Research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1572038817409-DKGWTY33CVEB7DJ5V430/lidcgrocery.jpg Julie Clarke Research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1572041233277-GQMZ70UQW5VSELHDJOCX/uqconference.jpg Julie Clarke Research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1572045510924-FY2GADOH4JF27VUZ6S13/teaching.jpg Julie Clarke Research https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/jnc/about daily 0.75 2026-02-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571958572682-U749EJA3UDIDQWQDFZ8C/clarke2015.jpg Julie Clarke - First Name Last Name It all begins with an idea. Maybe you want to launch a business. Maybe you want to turn a hobby into something more. Or maybe you have a creative project to share with the world. Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571960740158-QLQ30FFAIWQFTKX4HQF6/cup-985958_1280.jpg Julie Clarke - Subjects taught Melbourne Law School Research Project (2018-) (Masters) (coordinator) Cartels (2017-) (Masters) (coordinator) Institutions (2018, 2019) (Masters) (coordinator) Contracts (2019, 2026) (JD) Obligations (2019, 2021) (JD) Legal Fundamentals (online) (2019, 2020) (coordinator) Deakin Law School Competition Law and Policy (LLB) (2004-2005, 2007-2016) (Unit Chair) Contract Law (2001-2004; 2006-2012; 2014; 2016) Commercial Law (2001-2005) Competition Law and International Business (2001-2003) Competition Law and Policy (Postgraduate) (2004) International Commercial Law (Undergraduate and Postgraduate) (2001-2003) Introduction to Law (tutoring) (2003) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571972506700-SYSLTOPH0QJ746VX0965/2009ALTCaward+%282%29.JPG Julie Clarke - Teaching awards Norman Curry Award (2018) Norman Curry Award for Innovation and Excellence (team) University of Melbourne Part of team developing the Global Competition and Consumer Law Program as part of the Melbourne Law Masters. ALTC Award for Distinguished Teaching (2009) Australian Learning and Teaching Council Citation for outstanding contribution to student learning For improving access to legal education through an innovative approach to the use of online technology, exemplary student support and contemporary curriculum resources. Vice-Chancellor’s Award for Distinguished Teaching (2008) Deakin University, 2008 Other Teaching awards 2011 Deakin Commendation for Excellence in teaching 2011 Faculty 'Lecturing Legend' Award Faculty of Business and Law, Deakin University 2010 Faculty 'Lecturing Legend' Award Faculty of Business and Law, Deakin University 2009 Exemplar of Teaching Excellence, Faculty of Business and Law, 2009 Award 2008 Deakin University Award for Teaching Excellence https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/jnc/research/mergerbook daily 0.75 2019-10-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571994653309-SFQDHGWNZC7M7Q5Y0Y06/2014clarke.png Book International Merger Policy https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/jnc/research/2001gotojail daily 0.75 2019-10-25 https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/jnc/research/bookcompetition daily 0.75 2019-10-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1571995068974-56ODMVCIDW8NKJMZNBT5/2011clarkebig.gif Book Competition Law and Policy https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/jnc/research/2005criminal daily 0.75 2019-10-25 https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/jnc/research/2008predatorypricing daily 0.75 2019-10-25 https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/jnc/research/2009predatorypricing daily 0.75 2019-10-25 https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/jnc/research/2003criminal daily 0.75 2019-10-25 https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/jnc/research/multijurisdictional daily 0.75 2019-10-25 https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/legislation/acl/s29 daily 0.75 2020-01-06 https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/test daily 0.75 2020-05-15 https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/courts-and-judges daily 0.75 2021-03-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615710815985-PT144WAOWJ8HIE6YKFM5/2016+01+13+04+Canberra+High+Court+%284%29.jpg Cases by court and judge - High Court of Australia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615711626801-RWXW5SM10C143WQKP5SF/50370162656_022ed37df4_c.jpg Cases by court and judge - Federal Court (Full Court) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615711331007-W2HZVGC0QHNP6MVPPBX3/50370312142_54d51ee2fc_c.jpg Cases by court and judge - Court of Appeal (NSW) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615711914555-APUNWJUQAA1IFBP3UCN3/australia-28586_640.png Cases by court and judge - Federal Court (trial) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615712555140-V46N2UHYY5EW4Y8DM4MG/australia-28586_640.png Cases by court and judge - Family Court https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615712079810-NF6NWZXD2HYFFGAZE56E/new-south-wales-28582_640.png Cases by court and judge - Supreme Court of New South Wales https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615712185079-M2F4LNLB6J5NVYMAP5CH/northern-territory-28590_640.png Cases by court and judge - Supreme Court of Northern Territory https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615712245289-C2YRP6V42EIX6AFSW2IE/queensland-28583_640.png Cases by court and judge - Supreme Court of Queensland https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615712339756-H2AYKUJ4RH7SH1SAUQBE/south-australia-28589_640.png Cases by court and judge - Supreme Court of South Australia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615711978718-V2V9CH4ZFVT9AHC2QCZD/victoria-28585_640.png Cases by court and judge - Supreme Court of Victoria https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615712711116-WWC3WS49WSAR922T7E6X/queensland-28583_640.png Cases by court and judge - District Court of Queensland https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615712775221-38Z9J4GMJLXZWF1KADVO/australia-28586_640.png Cases by court and judge - Federal Circuit Court https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615712850647-29M5HHHF3PEYREI5HJJO/union-jack-1027898_640.jpg Cases by court and judge - United Kingdom https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615712906746-N6UZIM59S5Z12N2W6RSW/union-jack-1027898_640.jpg Cases by court and judge - Privy Council https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615713817175-RBP9IWNDK6SR978K9RCS/union-jack-1027898_640.jpg Cases by court and judge - House of Lords https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615713712776-MEQGHAWQU2VV9QRTKZLK/union-jack-1027898_640.jpg Cases by court and judge - Court of Appeal (UK) https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/cases/subject-matter daily 0.75 2021-03-11 https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/links daily 0.75 2021-03-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615610128418-522NJA60F03B5FIBHSLE/world-140304_1920.jpg Links - ContractsProfBlog https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615610036233-JR29K9AFWWMEAAZ0H449/union-jack-1027898_640.jpg Links - Allen & Overy: Compact Contract Blog about important English contract cases https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615609687008-I942K4L9CNH715L6YXUZ/union-jack-1027898_640.jpg Links - Undergraduate Laws Blog: Contract University of London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/1615610014747-CPPPW63D87MQV2JVKR2E/building-1080591640.jpg Links - K&L Gates (Construction Law: Contract Law) https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/reading/books/robertson-cases daily 0.75 2026-06-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/47384806-6945-448d-ae9b-a7e82fcaf3e9/contract1.jpg Books | Robertson 2025 https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/reading/books/robertson-principles daily 0.75 2026-06-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5da3d2a597390948a4b98cb8/92a8aac0-686e-4817-8932-2499a8d8725b/contract2.jpg Books | Robertson 2025 Principles https://www.australiancontractlaw.info/reading/opinion daily 0.75 2026-06-15